Life Insurance Beneficiary Rules Explained | The Ultimate Guide to Finance, Personal Wealth, Insurance, Loans, Investing, AI & Business | Life Insurance | (19)
Meta Description: Understand U.S. life insurance beneficiary rules for 2026, including primary and contingent beneficiaries, minors, trusts, divorce, taxes and payouts.
Buying life insurance is only half of the job.
The other half is making sure the death benefit reaches:
The Right Person
in:
The Right Amount
at:
The Right Time.
That depends heavily on your:
Beneficiary Designation.
A beneficiary is the person or organization designated to receive the life-insurance death benefit when the insured dies.
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners, or NAIC, emphasizes that beneficiary designations should be reviewed regularly and updated after major life events such as:
Marriage
Birth or adoption
Divorce
Remarriage
Death of a beneficiary
NAIC also explains that beneficiary designations can determine who receives life-insurance proceeds independently of a will in many ordinary situations.
Understanding beneficiary rules can help prevent:
Delayed Claims
Family Disputes
Unexpected Probate
and:
Money Going to the Wrong Person.
1. What Is a Life Insurance Beneficiary?
A beneficiary is the person, people or organization designated to receive the policy's death benefit.
Possible beneficiaries can include:
Spouse
Children
Grandchildren
Other Relatives
Friends
Trust
Charity
Business
or:
Estate.
NAIC specifically notes that life-insurance beneficiaries can include individuals, charities, businesses, trusts and estates.
The appropriate choice depends on:
Who You Want to Protect
and:
How You Want the Money Managed.
2. What Is a Primary Beneficiary?
The:
Primary Beneficiary
is first in line to receive the death benefit.
NAIC explains that primary beneficiaries receive some or all of the policy proceeds if they survive the insured.
Example:
Policy death benefit:
$500,000
Primary beneficiary:
Spouse — 100%
If the insured dies while the spouse is alive and eligible:
The spouse generally receives:
$500,000
subject to the policy terms.
3. What Is a Contingent Beneficiary?
A:
Contingent Beneficiary
is sometimes called:
Secondary Beneficiary.
This person or entity generally receives the death benefit if the primary beneficiary cannot receive it.
NAIC explains that contingent beneficiaries receive proceeds when the primary beneficiary dies before the insured.
Example:
Primary:
Spouse — 100%
Contingent:
Adult Daughter — 50%
Adult Son — 50%.
If the spouse dies before the insured and the designation remains unchanged:
The children may receive the proceeds according to the contingent designation.
4. Why You Should Name a Contingent Beneficiary
A contingent beneficiary creates a backup plan.
Without one, if the primary beneficiary dies before you, payment may depend on:
Policy Terms
State Law
or:
Applicable Federal Rules.
That can potentially result in the proceeds going to:
Your Estate
or another person under a contractual or statutory order of precedence.
A simple contingent designation can reduce uncertainty.
5. Can You Have More Than One Beneficiary?
Yes.
You can generally designate multiple beneficiaries.
NAIC advises specifying either:
Exact Percentages
or:
Equal Shares
when naming more than one beneficiary.
Example:
Death benefit:
$1 million
Primary beneficiaries:
Spouse:
60%
Daughter:
20%
Son:
20%.
Potential distribution:
Spouse:
$600,000
Daughter:
$200,000
Son:
$200,000.
6. Make Sure Your Percentages Add Up Correctly
Suppose you designate:
Spouse:
60%
Child A:
25%
Child B:
25%.
Total:
110%.
That creates an obvious problem.
Insurer forms usually require allocations to total:
100%.
Before submitting a beneficiary form, verify every percentage.
7. Use Full Legal Names
Avoid vague beneficiary descriptions when possible.
Instead of:
“My Wife”
consider using:
Full Legal Name
and other identifying information requested by the insurer.
NAIC specifically warns that terms such as “husband” or similar relationship descriptions can become ambiguous after remarriage and recommends identifying individuals clearly.
Clear identification reduces the possibility of disputes.
8. Does a Will Override a Life Insurance Beneficiary?
Usually:
No.
A life-insurance policy is generally a contractual arrangement with its own beneficiary designation.
NAIC states that a will generally does not control the distribution of life-insurance proceeds unless the proceeds are payable to the estate and then distributed through the estate.
Example:
Life-insurance form says:
Daughter = Beneficiary
Will says:
Leave Everything to Son.
The life-insurance beneficiary designation can still control the insurance proceeds.
This is why your:
Will
and:
Beneficiary Forms
should be coordinated.
9. Beneficiary Forms Can Be More Important Than People Realize
Imagine you update your will after remarriage.
But you forget to change a life-insurance beneficiary form from:
Former Spouse
to:
Current Spouse.
Depending on the policy, state law and whether federal law applies, the result may not be what you expect.
Do not assume updating a will automatically updates:
Life Insurance
Retirement Accounts
or:
Employer Benefits.
Review each beneficiary designation separately.
10. Revocable Beneficiary
Most ordinary beneficiary designations are:
Revocable.
This generally means the policy owner can change the beneficiary according to the insurer's procedures.
NAIC says that if you own the policy, in most cases you can change beneficiaries by formally notifying the insurance company.
Examples of reasons to change a beneficiary include:
Marriage
Birth
Divorce
Remarriage
or:
Death.
11. Irrevocable Beneficiary
An:
Irrevocable Beneficiary
is different.
NAIC defines an irrevocable beneficiary as someone with a vested interest in the policy proceeds whose designation generally cannot be changed without that beneficiary's consent.
This can significantly limit the policy owner's flexibility.
Do not designate someone as irrevocable unless you understand the legal consequences.
12. Who Controls the Beneficiary Designation?
The person who owns the policy generally controls contractual rights associated with the policy, including beneficiary changes, subject to:
Policy Terms
Irrevocable Rights
Assignments
Court Orders
and:
Applicable Law.
The policy owner and insured are often the same person.
But they do not have to be.
This distinction can become important in:
Business Insurance
Trust-Owned Policies
and:
Estate Planning.
13. Can You Name Children as Beneficiaries?
Yes, but minor children create complications.
NAIC's Life Insurance Buyer's Guide advises against simply naming a minor child as the direct beneficiary because insurers generally cannot simply pay a large death benefit directly to a minor. It suggests considering structures such as a trust.
This is an area where:
State Law
and:
Estate Planning
matter greatly.
14. Why Naming a Minor Directly Can Cause Problems
Suppose your:
8-Year-Old Daughter
is the direct beneficiary of:
$1 million.
The insurer generally cannot simply hand:
$1 million
to an 8-year-old.
A court-appointed guardian or another legally authorized arrangement may be required.
This can create:
Delay
Legal Expenses
and:
Less Control Over How the Money Is Managed.
15. Trusts Can Help Protect Minor Children
One option is to name:
A Trust
as beneficiary.
Example:
The Smith Family Trust — 100%.
The trustee then manages the proceeds according to the trust document.
The trust might provide funds for:
Housing
Education
Health Care
and:
Living Expenses
while delaying unrestricted access until an appropriate age.
NAIC identifies trusts as one option when insurance is intended for minor children and recommends obtaining appropriate legal or tax guidance when establishing the arrangement.
16. Do Not Create a Trust Casually
A trust can be powerful.
But:
Trust Language Matters.
Important decisions include:
Who Is Trustee?
When Can Money Be Distributed?
What Expenses Are Allowed?
When Does the Child Gain Control?
What Happens if the Child Dies?
Because state trust and estate laws vary, families using a trust should generally obtain appropriate legal guidance.
17. Can Your Estate Be the Beneficiary?
Yes.
You can designate:
Your Estate
as the beneficiary.
But this has important consequences.
NAIC explains that when proceeds are payable to an estate, they generally become part of the estate administration process and can go through probate rather than being paid directly to an individual beneficiary.
For many families:
Direct Beneficiary Designations
are simpler.
18. Why Probate Matters
Suppose:
Policy benefit:
$500,000
Beneficiary:
Estate.
The money may become part of the probate estate and be administered with other estate assets.
By contrast:
Policy benefit:
$500,000
Beneficiary:
Spouse.
The insurance company can generally process the claim directly for the designated beneficiary once claim requirements are satisfied.
This can make direct beneficiary designations faster and simpler.
19. Naming Your Estate Can Be Appropriate Sometimes
Naming an estate is not always wrong.
There may be situations involving:
Debt Planning
Estate Equalization
Complex Family Structures
or:
Specific Estate Objectives
where it is intentional.
But it should generally be:
A Deliberate Decision
rather than:
The Result of Forgetting to Name a Beneficiary.
20. What Does Per Stirpes Mean?
Families with children and grandchildren should understand:
Per Stirpes.
NAIC gives the example of a parent with two children.
If the policy says:
“My Children, Per Stirpes”
and one child dies before the insured, that deceased child's descendants may receive the share that their parent would have received.
Example:
Two sons were originally entitled to:
50% each.
One son dies first and leaves:
Two Children.
Under a per-stirpes structure, those grandchildren might divide their deceased parent's:
50% share
and receive:
25% each.
21. What Does Per Capita Mean?
Per capita generally distributes benefits among living members of the designated class rather than preserving the deceased beneficiary's family branch in the same way.
However, terminology can be more complicated than it looks.
A 2023 Journal of Insurance Regulation analysis found that the phrase:
“Per Capita”
is not described consistently across insurance and estate-planning materials and can produce unexpected results if the form does not define the method clearly.
Therefore:
Read the Insurer's Exact Definition.
Do not rely solely on a generic internet definition.
22. Per Stirpes vs Per Capita Example
Suppose:
Death benefit:
$600,000
Children:
Anna
Ben
and:
Chris.
Chris dies before the insured and leaves two children.
Under one typical:
Per Stirpes
structure:
Anna:
$200,000
Ben:
$200,000
Chris's Child 1:
$100,000
Chris's Child 2:
$100,000.
Under certain:
Per Capita
structures, the result may be different.
Because policy wording matters, confirm the actual distribution method with the insurer or estate-planning professional.
23. What Happens if a Beneficiary Dies Before You?
The answer depends on:
Your Beneficiary Structure
Other Beneficiaries
Policy Language
and:
Applicable Law.
If you have one primary beneficiary who dies before you and a valid contingent beneficiary:
The contingent beneficiary generally becomes the person entitled to the proceeds.
If multiple primary beneficiaries exist and one dies:
Distribution may depend on:
Percentages
Per Stirpes
Per Capita
and:
Contract Language.
This is why beneficiary forms should be reviewed after a death in the family.
24. What Happens if No Beneficiary Is Available?
There is no single nationwide rule for every private life-insurance policy.
Payment can depend on:
Policy Terms
State Law
or:
Federal Law
for certain programs.
Proceeds may ultimately become payable to:
Estate
Spouse
Children
or others according to an applicable contractual or statutory order.
Do not intentionally leave this question unresolved.
Name:
Primary
and:
Contingent Beneficiaries.
25. Federal Employee Life Insurance Has Special Rules
Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance:
FEGLI
provides a useful example of a program with its own statutory order.
OPM states that where there is no controlling assignment, court order or valid beneficiary designation, FEGLI generally pays in this order:
Spouse
↓
Children and descendants
↓
Parents
↓
Estate Representative
↓
Other Next of Kin.
This demonstrates why employer and government plans must be reviewed separately from ordinary individual policies.
26. Federal Rules Can Override Expectations
Do not assume state family-law rules always determine federal life-insurance payments.
In Hillman v. Maretta, the U.S. Supreme Court addressed a conflict between Virginia divorce-related law and the Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance Act, concluding that the federal FEGLI payment scheme controlled over the conflicting state rule.
For federal benefits:
Follow the Program's Beneficiary Rules Carefully.
27. Divorce Does Not Mean You Should Ignore the Beneficiary Form
This is one of the most important practical rules.
NAIC specifically advises policyholders to review beneficiary designations after:
Divorce.
Some state laws may affect former-spouse beneficiary designations.
Federal programs can follow different rules.
Rather than relying on an automatic legal result:
Update the Form Yourself.
28. Example After Divorce
Before divorce:
Primary beneficiary:
Former Spouse — 100%.
After divorce:
You intend proceeds to go to:
Two Children.
Do not assume the divorce decree alone changes the insurance policy.
Contact:
The Insurer
and submit:
A New Beneficiary Designation
if appropriate.
Keep confirmation with your records.
29. Remarriage Requires Another Review
Suppose:
First marriage:
Former spouse named beneficiary.
Second marriage:
New spouse.
New child.
If beneficiary forms are never reviewed, the policy may no longer reflect your current intentions.
NAIC recommends considering:
Marriage
Remarriage
Birth
Adoption
Divorce
and:
Death
when reviewing beneficiaries.
30. Can a Spouse Be Left Out?
This question can become legally complicated.
For ordinary private life insurance:
Rules can vary according to:
Policy Ownership
How Premiums Were Paid
State Marital-Property Law
Divorce Orders
and:
Other Legal Rights.
Federal employee or employer plans may also operate under separate rules.
If you intend to exclude a spouse or former spouse from substantial life-insurance benefits:
Get state-specific legal advice instead of assuming the designation cannot be challenged.
31. Employer Life Insurance Needs Separate Attention
Many workers have:
Employer Group Life Insurance
plus:
Individual Life Insurance.
These are separate contracts or benefit arrangements.
Updating the beneficiary on:
Your Personal Policy
does not necessarily update:
Your Employer Policy.
Review every account individually.
This can include:
Life Insurance
401(k)
IRA
Pension
and:
Other Death-Benefit Programs.
32. Your Beneficiary Designation Should Be Current Before Death
This sounds obvious.
But forms left in a drawer may not accomplish anything.
For FEGLI, for example, OPM states that the proper office must receive the beneficiary designation before death for it to control payment; otherwise the previous valid designation or statutory order may apply.
For any policy:
Follow the insurer's formal procedure.
Do not assume:
Writing a Note
or:
Telling a Family Member
changes the contract.
33. Can a Trust Be a Beneficiary?
Yes.
Trusts are commonly used when:
Beneficiaries Are Minors
A Beneficiary Has Special Needs
Money Needs Long-Term Management
or:
Estate Planning Is Complex.
OPM also permits trusts to be designated under FEGLI using specified beneficiary-designation procedures.
Trust designations should precisely match the legal trust name and insurer requirements.
34. Special-Needs Beneficiaries Require Extra Planning
Leaving a large death benefit directly to a beneficiary receiving:
Means-Tested Government Benefits
may create unintended consequences depending on the program and circumstances.
A properly designed trust may be considered in some situations.
This is not an area for generic beneficiary wording.
Families with special-needs dependents should consider appropriate:
Estate
Legal
and:
Benefits-Planning Advice.
35. Can a Charity Be a Beneficiary?
Yes.
NAIC recognizes charities among the entities that can be designated to receive life-insurance proceeds.
You might designate:
Charity:
10%
Spouse:
70%
Children:
20%.
Or make the charity:
Contingent Beneficiary.
Verify the organization's legal name and identifying information carefully.
36. Can a Business Be a Beneficiary?
Yes.
Life insurance is frequently used in business planning.
A business may be involved in:
Key-Person Insurance
Buy-Sell Funding
or:
Debt Protection.
Beneficiary and ownership structures can have important:
Tax
Contract
and:
Business-Law Consequences.
Business-owned policies deserve professional review.
37. Are Life Insurance Proceeds Taxable to the Beneficiary?
For federal income-tax purposes:
Usually not.
The IRS says life-insurance proceeds received by a beneficiary because of the insured's death generally are not included in gross income.
Example:
Death benefit:
$500,000
Beneficiary receives:
$500,000 lump sum.
Generally:
The $500,000 death benefit itself is not federal taxable income.
But there are exceptions and additional rules.
38. Interest Can Be Taxable
Suppose the insurer holds proceeds temporarily and pays:
Interest.
The IRS states that interest received on life-insurance proceeds is generally taxable as interest income.
Example:
Death benefit:
$500,000
Additional interest:
$10,000
The treatment of the:
$10,000
can differ from the death benefit itself.
39. Installment Payments Can Have Taxable Interest Components
Some beneficiaries choose:
Installments
instead of:
One Lump Sum.
IRS guidance explains that when life-insurance proceeds are paid in installments, part of each payment may represent excluded death-benefit proceeds while an additional interest component can be taxable.
Beneficiaries considering installment options should review tax consequences.
40. Income Tax and Estate Tax Are Different
This distinction is critical.
A beneficiary may receive death proceeds:
Income-Tax-Free
while the policy proceeds can still have:
Estate-Tax Implications
for the insured's estate.
IRS Form 706 instructions state that life insurance can be included in a decedent's gross estate when proceeds are payable to the estate or when the decedent retained certain incidents of ownership, including powers such as changing beneficiaries, surrendering the policy or borrowing against it.
Large estates should obtain professional tax and estate-planning advice.
41. Naming the Estate Does Not Automatically Solve Tax Problems
Some people assume:
“I'll just name my estate.”
That can create additional issues.
NAIC notes that insurance proceeds payable to an estate generally move through probate with the estate's other assets.
Estate-tax treatment can also depend on:
Policy Ownership
and:
Incidents of Ownership
not merely on the name written in the beneficiary box.
Do not make estate-planning decisions from a beneficiary form alone.
42. Tell Beneficiaries the Policy Exists
A perfect beneficiary designation is useless if nobody knows the policy exists.
NAIC recommends informing beneficiaries—or at least a trusted advisor—about:
The Insurance Company
and:
Where Policy Information Is Stored.
You do not necessarily need to discuss every financial detail.
But someone should know where to look.
43. Keep Policy Information With Estate Records
NAIC recommends maintaining a current copy of the policy with:
Will
or:
Other Estate Documents
in a safe location accessible to family members or trusted advisors.
This can make the claims process much easier.
44. Review Beneficiaries Every Year
A simple annual check can prevent major mistakes.
Review:
Primary Beneficiary
Contingent Beneficiary
Percentages
Legal Names
and:
Contact Information.
NAIC recommends checking beneficiaries and contact information annually.
This can take only a few minutes.
45. Life Insurance Beneficiary Review Checklist
When reviewing your beneficiary designations, confirm:
Primary beneficiary
Contingent beneficiary
Correct legal names
Correct percentage allocations
Updated contact information
Marriage changes
Divorce changes
Remarriage
New children
Adoption
Death of beneficiary
Minor beneficiaries
Trust information
Special-needs planning
Per-stirpes or per-capita language
Employer life insurance
Individual life insurance
Irrevocable-beneficiary restrictions
Estate-planning coordination
Tax considerations
A beneficiary review should be part of your overall financial review.
46. What Happens After the Insured Dies?
The beneficiary typically contacts the insurer and submits the required claim information.
Requirements commonly include:
Claim Form
and:
Death Certificate.
The insurer then verifies:
Policy Status
Beneficiary Designation
and:
Claim Eligibility
before paying proceeds.
NAIC advises beneficiaries to know:
Which Company Issued the Policy
The Benefit Amount
and:
Where Policy Information Is Stored.
47. How Can the Beneficiary Receive the Money?
Payment choices vary by insurer and policy.
NAIC notes that beneficiaries may have options such as:
Single Settlement Check
or:
Retained Asset Account.
Other policies may provide installment or interest-based options.
Before choosing:
Understand:
Fees
Interest
Access to Money
and:
Tax Treatment.
48. What if You Cannot Find the Life Insurance Policy?
The NAIC:
Life Insurance Policy Locator
can help people search participating life-insurance and annuity companies for potential policies.
As of July 31, 2026, NAIC reported more than:
1.5 million search requests
and more than:
780,000 matches
totaling approximately:
$16.99 billion
in life-insurance policies and annuities identified through the tool.
If a match is found and the requester is identified as the beneficiary, the insurer contacts the requester.
49. What if You Are Not Sure You Are a Beneficiary?
The insurer normally will not simply disclose private policy information to anyone who asks.
The NAIC Policy Locator process similarly states that someone who is not identified as the beneficiary or lacks legal authority may not receive policy information.
If you believe you have a legitimate claim:
Use:
The Insurer
State Insurance Department
or:
NAIC Policy Locator
rather than relying solely on family speculation.
50. Common Life Insurance Beneficiary Mistakes
Avoid:
Naming Only One Beneficiary
without a backup.
Leaving a Deceased Person Listed
after they have passed away.
Naming Minor Children Directly Without Planning
This can complicate payment.
Assuming Your Will Controls the Policy
It generally does not override a valid beneficiary designation.
Forgetting About an Ex-Spouse
Review after divorce.
Ignoring Employer Life Insurance
It has a separate beneficiary record.
Using Ambiguous Family Labels
Use precise identifying information.
Ignoring Per Stirpes and Per Capita Language
Distribution can change substantially.
Naming an Estate Without Understanding Probate
Direct beneficiaries may provide simpler payment.
Never Telling Anyone the Policy Exists
The family must be able to locate the insurer.
51. Example: Married Couple With Young Children
Policy:
$1 Million
Primary beneficiary:
Spouse:
100%.
Contingent beneficiary:
Family trust for children:
100%.
If the spouse survives:
The spouse receives the death benefit.
If the spouse dies first:
The trust may receive proceeds and manage them according to the trust terms.
This can provide a cleaner structure than directly naming:
A 5-Year-Old
and:
An 8-Year-Old
as beneficiaries.
52. Example: Multiple Adult Children
Death benefit:
$600,000
Children:
Three adults.
Possible designation:
Child A:
33.33%
Child B:
33.33%
Child C:
33.34%.
Alternatively:
Equal Shares
if supported by the insurer's beneficiary form.
The goal is to make the allocation unmistakable.
53. Example: One Child Dies Before the Parent
Original plan:
Three children receive equal shares.
One child dies before the insured and leaves grandchildren.
Now the insured needs to decide:
Should that deceased child's share go to:
The Grandchildren?
or:
The Two Surviving Children?
This is exactly where:
Per Stirpes
and:
Per Capita
language becomes important.
Do not leave the result to chance.
54. Example: Divorce and Remarriage
Policy owner:
Age 45.
Old beneficiary:
Former spouse.
Current family:
New spouse and child.
The safest approach is not:
“The divorce probably fixed it.”
Instead:
Contact the insurer.
Submit the new beneficiary designation.
Confirm the insurer accepted it.
Keep a copy.
Then review the employer policy separately.
55. Example: Estate Named by Mistake
Policy:
$750,000
No current beneficiary designation.
If proceeds become payable to the estate under the policy or applicable rules:
The death benefit may become part of the estate administration process.
A direct beneficiary might have avoided some of that complexity.
This is why beneficiary forms should never be treated as:
Minor Paperwork.
Best Beneficiary Strategy
A practical structure for many families is:
Step 1 — Choose the Primary Beneficiary
↓
Step 2 — Choose at Least One Contingent Beneficiary
↓
Step 3 — Decide Exact Percentages
↓
Step 4 — Plan Carefully for Minor Children
↓
Step 5 — Consider Trust Planning Where Appropriate
↓
Step 6 — Decide Per Stirpes vs Other Distribution Language
↓
Step 7 — Coordinate the Designation With Your Estate Plan
↓
Step 8 — Update After Marriage, Divorce, Birth or Death
↓
Step 9 — Review Employer and Individual Policies Separately
↓
Step 10 — Tell a Beneficiary or Trusted Advisor Where the Policy Is
This simple process can prevent years of confusion.
Final Thoughts: Life Insurance Beneficiary Rules Explained
Life insurance is designed to protect people you care about.
But the policy can only do that effectively when:
The Beneficiary Designation Is Correct.
NAIC explains that:
Primary Beneficiaries
receive the policy benefit when eligible
and:
Contingent Beneficiaries
provide the backup if the primary beneficiary dies first.
Multiple beneficiaries can be designated using:
Percentages
or:
Equal Shares.
For children and grandchildren:
Per Stirpes
and:
Per Capita
language can materially change who receives money, and NAIC-sponsored regulatory research has warned that per-capita terminology can be interpreted inconsistently.
Minor children require special planning because direct payment can create guardianship complications. Trusts or other legally appropriate structures may provide better control.
Your will generally does not override a valid life-insurance beneficiary designation.
And divorce should always trigger a direct beneficiary review rather than relying on assumptions about automatic legal changes.
For federal income-tax purposes, death proceeds paid to beneficiaries are generally not taxable income, although interest can be taxable.
Estate-tax treatment is different and can depend on:
Policy Ownership
Who Receives the Proceeds
and:
Whether the Insured Retained Incidents of Ownership.
The most important beneficiary rules are therefore simple:
Name the Right Person
Name a Backup
Use Clear Percentages
Plan Carefully for Minors
Coordinate Trust and Estate Planning
Update After Major Life Events
and:
Review Every Policy Regularly.
A life-insurance policy can represent:
Hundreds of Thousands
or:
Millions of Dollars.
Spend a few minutes making sure that money will go exactly where you intend.
Disclaimer: This article is for general educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute individualized insurance, financial, tax, legal or estate-planning advice. Beneficiary rights, divorce effects, marital-property rules, probate procedures, trust rules, federal employee benefits and employer-plan requirements can vary by state, policy and federal law. Consult the insurer and appropriate legal or tax professionals for advice about a specific beneficiary designation.
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